Crystal and Molecular Structure of Quinide

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栀子苷在乙腈水体系中诱导相分离分配行为

研究了栀子乙腈水提取液中的栀子苷在诱导相分离后在两相中的分配行为,建立了乙腈/水分相体系分离纯化栀子苷的新方法。 重点考察了能使乙腈/水体系分相的诱导剂的种类,分析了诱导剂的组成比例以及用量、乙腈的体积分数、样品加入量和温度对栀子苷分配行为的影响。 当温度为25 ℃时,栀子的乙腈/水（体积比1∶1）提取液中加入KCl与MgSO4组成的混盐（质量比2∶1）分相诱导剂后,栀子苷的萃取率达到81.63%,含量由分相前的3.05%提高至13.54%。     

浸提法与超声波提取法提取栀子黄色素的比较

探讨了栀子黄色素提取工艺中的浸提法及超声波提取法,通过正交实验确定了其相应的优化工艺条件,分析比较得出：超声波提取栀子黄色素与传统浸提法相比,具有提取温度低、时间短的优点,且色素产品提取率高、色价高。其最佳提取工艺条件为：提取溶剂为50％的乙醇水溶液、提取时间为1h、提取温度为20℃、料液比1：12。在此条件下色素的提取率为98．84％,产品色价70．72。     

栀子药材提取工艺的近红外光谱实时控制方法研究

提出了用近红外光谱技术实时控制中药提取工艺的新方法。采用光纤近红外光谱法分析不同工艺条件下的栀子药材提取液样本,通过SIMCA方法建立了工艺稳态监控模型,用于评价26个未知样本的工艺状态,成功地判别了其中的全部异常工艺样本。结果表明,近红外光谱结合SIMCA分析方法是一种快速、方便、有效的工艺监测手段,该方法无需对指标成分进行定量,即可通过样品整体近红外光谱监控其工艺是否正常,从而为中药提取工艺的实时控制提供了一条新的思路。     

Analysis of gardenia blue in foods by thin-layer chromatography

In the present study, a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method for the analysis of gardenia blue was described. Gardenia blue is obtained from the fruits of Gardenia augusta Merrill or Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Recently, gardenia blue has frequently been used in Japan as a natural coloring in various foods. However, the structural characterization of gardenia blue components has not been yet clarified and even chromatographic separation of the components has not been reported. Synthetic colors in foods are generally analyzed by TLC; so, we therefore investigated the analysis of gardenia blue in foods with TLC. We established two TLC conditions; reversed phase C-18 TLC using a solvent system of aqueous 0.2% TFA–acetonitrile–ethanol (1:2:3) and TLC on cellulose plate using a solvent system consisting of acetone–3-methyl-1-butanol–water (6:5:5). Both conditions yielded three well-delineated spots with good separation. We applied these separations to the analyses of gardenia blue in coloring matter preparations from different manufacturers and in foods on the market. After the gardenia blue was extracted from the samples with water, the extract was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in water–methanol (1:1). Aliquots of the dissolved solutions were then applied to TLC and their chromatographic behaviors were observed. Each preparation showed characteristic spot patterns depending on the manufacturers. The R_f values of the separated spots when extracted from foods are slightly different from the R_f values of the spots observed for standards, and we were thus able to identify the manufacturers using the spot pattern of gardenia blue. The present study is considered to be useful for the establishment of a method of analysis for gardenia blue in coloring preparations and foods.     

低速逆流色谱分离制备栀子黄色素中的藏花素

建立了低速逆流色谱技术(SRCCC)从栀子黄色素中快速分离制备藏花素的方法。两相溶剂系统由叔丁基甲基醚-正丁醇-乙腈-水(2:2.5:1:5, v/v/v/v)组成,以上相为固定相,下相为流动相。在转速为50 r/min和流速为5 mL/min的条件下,从5 g栀子黄色素粗样中分离得到2.47 g藏花素,纯度为96.8%。该方法制备量大、安全、高效,有可能成为工业级分离制备藏花素的一种有效手段。